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Variety selection: From the ecological point of view of suitable planting, we must try our best to select varieties that have strong resistance to pests and diseases. Generally, we have the best types of wild species in the local area, or we can introduce domesticated varieties of vegetables directly from regions with similar climates. From the quality of the dishes, it is required that the varieties with vigorous growth have good tenderness and high yield. It is not advisable to introduce fruit varieties to the northern producing areas or to purchase seedlings for seed breeding in the northern producing areas.
Second, the cultivation mode: The commonly used cultivation mode is mainly: close planting high-yield cultivation methods and orchard intercropping is the most common. Among them, dense planting is also closely planted and densely planted in protected areas. Close planting density is 15-20cm-20-40cm spacing, about 20,000 per acre planting, the density of protected cultivation can also be increased, can be used small shed cultivation or greenhouse cultivation, generally in mid-December to 2 In the beginning of the month, the temperature of the sheds began to rise, and the listed period was half a month or more ahead of the open season. The earliest can be picked in the off-season of the Spring Festival. The earlier the listing, the higher the selling price and the better the benefits. General open-field cultivation, the year can be picked buds, shoots 8-12 times a year, yield per mu over 3000kg, according to the current market value of about 8000-10000 yuan in output value.
Orchard intercropping: mainly on both sides of the fruit planting belt, planted in multiple rows on a banner, with a spacing of 20-30 cm, 6000-8000 strains per acre, and a yield of up to 800 kg/mu during the year. Up to 1500kg, in addition to each year in June and December can also be harvested in one season greening manure or dried stems and leaves for animal feed use, winter stems of the dried plants can be used as orchard winter base fertilizer backfill.
III. Planting Period and Method: Planting Period: In the province and the area south of the Yangtze River, it is best to select autumn planting in September-October, and the autumn planting will be resumed in the year of the root system, which will be beneficial to early harvesting and increase efficiency.
Planting methods: When the seedlings are planted, the main root should be short-cut, and the lateral roots and fibrous roots should be trimmed properly. The main section of the seedling trunk should be cut short by 10-20 cm, which can effectively improve the survival rate of the seedlings. Planting depth can be buried in the soil 1-2cm root neck, is conducive to promote the root and neck position of the adventitious bud germination, the formation of picking belt, improve early yield.
Fourth, picking and listing: In Wuhan area, alfalfa sprouts in mid-February, the first batch of sprouts can be picked in early March, and then can be harvested once every half-month or so, and the picking cycle shortens to 7- 10 days, of which the fastest growing from mid-April to late May. Spring production accounts for more than 60% of annual production. The length of picking in the early spring is 10-20cm in the upper part of the stem shoots or tender shoots, and after entering the summer volatility period in June, the growth begins to slow down, the buds become fine, and mostly secondary shoots, picking length is 10- 15cm, specifically to hold tenderness as the degree, the summary batch and timely implementation.
5. Trimming techniques: Thick and thick branches of the branches and roots of the branches and branches are prone to budding shoots. These basal branches are plump and tender, and they are excellent quality buds. Therefore, after each harvest, It is necessary to timely press down and retract the main branches to a position 5-10 cm above the root neck, which is conducive to promoting the germination of basal buds and increase the yield of good-quality sprouts. Pruning should pay attention to, in the growing period should not be cut off once, to protect the root growth of the photosynthetic photosynthetic nutrient supply, can be used interval or scattered retraction, basically to ensure that the picking surface can be 20-30cm. Entering July, it is necessary to let the whole garden grow and grow, which will help the plants to grow safely in summer. In late August, a flat cut can be performed on the entire garden to promote the growth of autumn sprouts. The pruned leaves can be used as a feed or directly as a green manure in the orchard. When deciduous in December-January, another heavy pruning was performed. The pruned branches were dried and used as an organic filler for the base fertilizer in winter in the orchard.
Sixth, fertilizer and water management: seedlings can be planted after half a month to survive, start budding, then you can light fertilizer water, Mushi urea 5kg, about half a month and then apply a nitrogen fertilizer, Mushi urea 5kg or ammonium phosphate 10kg, to 10 Before the mid-to-late deciduous leaves, a re-applied organic fertilizer was applied before. Mushroom cake fertilizer 300kg (or pig manure 2000kg) + phosphate fertilizer 40-50kg was used as base fertilizer. In the first half of the spring sprout, 10 kg of urea was used to germinate. After each picking, they must loosen the soil immediately and top-dressing, applying 5-10kg ammonium phosphate or urea, and watering the garden depending on the weather conditions. In the ordinary times during garden weeding and cultivating, the roots should be cultivated in time to promote the occurrence of adventitious buds in the roots and produce the tender roots. During the period of drought from July to August, it is necessary to timely flood and resist drought.
VII. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: The most common pests of vegetable lice are maggots, cockroaches, and negative slime worms. Diseases are mainly anthrax, which generally occurs lighter.
Ignore the mud insects: also known as the ten-leaf beetles, is a leaf armor. Adult larvae and larvae feed on the leaves and sometimes eat the leaves of young leaves or even whole trees, seriously affecting plant growth and yield.
Control methods: 150% phoxim emulsion spray 1000 times sprayed on the ground to kill adult insects; 220% cypermethrin 2000-3000 times or 2.5% enemies killed 3000 times spray; 3 times 40% dimethoate or 1000 times 90% Trichlorfon was sprayed with a 500-1000 dilution.
Aphid: This is a tick-like pest that causes more serious damage. It mainly uses the needle to suck the leaves and twigs of the alfalfa, stimulates cell proliferation at the victim's site, forms a blistoid tumor, and parasites in the tumor. Reproduction and hazards. Seriously affect the quality and appearance of the leaf.
Control methods: before the spring sprouting is the optimal control period, 45-50% sulphur rubber suspension 300-fold dilution or 3-5Be lime sulphur-containing agent can be used for disinfection. Other fleas can also be treated; autumn and winter When the garden shears cut, the branches with serious damage will be cleared out of the park and burned; the insect pests will be sprayed with 1000 dilutions of dimethoate at 40%.
First, the choice of gardens and varieties: garden choice: æž¸æž resistant to thin, salt and alkali resistance, drought resistance, suitable for a wide range of planting, all kinds of soil can build a garden. However, as a vegetable cultivation, it is mainly to harvest the tender and good stems and leaves, and requires a higher yield (3000kg/mu). Therefore, the establishment of the garden requires the selection of rich soil organic matter, deep soil, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage. Sandy land. Orchard intercropping or constructing a soil in a low-lying land requires deep-turning and soil amendments and organic fertilizers. Generally, it requires 4 tons of organic fertilizer or pig manure per acre. In addition, when gardens are used to build gardens, it is best to stagger the crops of the Solanaceae crop in order to reduce the damage to the main pests.